Complicaciones en ortopedia oncológica

Abstract

Objective: To describe the complications in orthopedic oncology according to the review of the literature. Materials and methods: A total of 36 articles are shown for review. The search for scientific information was carried out in the following databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Springer, Tripdatabase. The different complications secondary to cancer treatment in both adults and pediatric patients were analyzed, and their impact on skeletal growth, as well as the risk of presenting osteonecrosis, fractures, secondary malignancy and preoperative recommendations. Discussion: Complications derived from oncological treatment, although infrequent, constitute a problem of great proportions and a real challenge for the orthopedic surgeon and the multidisciplinary team when it occurs. Current cancer treatment is based on a clinical-surgical component based on chemotherapy, radiotherapy and, depending on the case, salvage surgery, hygienic surgery (toilette), cytoreduction surgery (debulking surgery) or for palliative purposes. The medical literature in this regard indicates various orthopedic complications derived from oncological treatment, both in adults and in children, these can be related above all
to bone metabolism, affectation in growth and development, greater bone fragility and risk of fractures, defects in the gait, osteonecrosis, infection, among others. Conclusions: Cancer treatment in orthopedics, like other medical procedures, is not exempt from complications, and it is important to know them to offer a better quality of life to cancer patients.