Fracturas de cadera por estrés: Actualización de conceptos

Abstract

Stress fractures related to sports activities are becoming more frequent reaching figures around 10% of sports injuries. 90% of stress fractures are in the lower extremities. The management of this type of injury has particular regard to the relationship of the fracture location, for this reason it is important to divide stress fractures into high and low risk fractures. Low – risk fractures are those that have a low possibility of propagation, delayed consolidation, and nonunion, which is why they require limitation of exercise and rest. In contrast, high – risk fractures are at high risk of fracture propagation, nonunion, and displacement, and therefore generally warrant surgical management. For this reason, a compilation of current literature is made and recommendations and certain key points in the management of stress fractures in the hip are provided. The objetive is present a clinical case of femoral neck stress fracture and his literature review. The description of a case and the updated revision of management guides are made. The preoperative and postsurgical clinical evaluation was performed using the Harris scale and SF-36 in a female patient aspiring to a police training school with a stress fracture of the femur neck. The timely diagnosis and management of stress fractures showed significant improvement in the values o n the Harris scale and in the SF - 36 quality of life questionnaire. Establishing an early diagnosis and adequate management provides clinical and functional improvement in patients with hip stress fractures, avoiding complications such as fracture displacement and at the same time reducing the risk of avascular necrosis or non-union. Providing an optimal and personalized treatment reintegrates patients to the previous activity level.